Many women with ovarian cancer are diagnosed at stage 3 or 4, which is considered late-stage and is more challenging to treat than if detected earlier at stages 1 or 2. Why are up to 80% of ovarian cancers identified so late? The primary reason is a lack of screening technology for this type of cancer.
We have mammograms for breast cancer and Pap tests for cervical cancer, but there is no standard screening test for ovarian cancer. Screening is shown to save lives by detecting cancer earlier. But if one isn't available, what can you do? We suggest becoming familiar with the subtle symptoms that can be linked to ovarian cancer.
7 Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
- Changes in appetite or feeling full quickly
- Persistent bloating unrelated to your menstrual cycle
- Frequent or urgent urination
- Abnormal bleeding or spotting, especially after menopause
- Pain or discomfort in the pelvic or abdominal area
- Pain during sex
- Persistent Unexplained fatigue or lack of energy
These symptoms don’t necessarily mean cancer, but if they persist for more than a few weeks, it’s time to schedule a visit with your doctor. Keeping a journal of your symptoms can also help your healthcare provider better understand what you’re experiencing.
Understanding the Symptoms that Can Be a Sign of Ovarian Cancer
If you notice one of these, it's worth discussing with your gynecologist or general practitioner. However, if you notice more than one, be sure to schedule an appointment and let them know you have concerns so you can come in as soon as possible.
1. Appetite Changes
Ovarian cancer can cause fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites), pushing against your stomach causing a sensation of fullness, even after eating small amounts. If you’ve noticed significant changes in your appetite or a constant feeling of being full, it’s worth discussing with your doctor.
2. Constant Bloating and Gas
Persistent bloating or abdominal discomfort that isn’t related to something you ate or menstruation could be a sign of ovarian cancer. If bloating is accompanied by gas or heartburn, it’s important to have it evaluated.
3. Frequent or Urgent Urination
A growing pelvic tumor can press against the bladder, causing you to feel like you need to use the restroom, even if you just urinated. You might also experience a slower flow of urine when going to the bathroom. This can be caused by several things, but one can be a tumor pressing against the urethra where the urine leaves your body. If you’re experiencing these symptoms, consult your doctor to determine the underlying cause.
4. Abnormal Bleeding
Most women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer after menopause. If you start to bleed after menopause, it could be related to hormonal imbalances. Sometimes these hormonal imbalances are caused by ovarian cancer. If you have not gone through menopause, you could start to experience extra heavy periods some months with no period other months. While that's normal as you approach menopause, you should talk to your doctor about this, especially if you notice any of the other subtle ovarian cancer symptoms.
If you're not pre-menopausal and you have extra-heavy periods every month, skip periods and/or have irregular bleeding, you should also take note and talk to your doctor.
5. Pelvic Pain or Discomfort
Pain in the lower abdomen, pelvis, or back—especially if it’s persistent—can indicate ovarian cancer. This can feel like cramps or pressure in this area. Some of this is part of a normal monthly cycle. But if you notice it all the time throughout the month talk to your doctor.
6. Pain During Sex
If you're experiencing pain during sex, especially if this is new, you should talk with a gynecologist about the cause. It could be as simple as vaginal dryness related to menopause. The doctor will most likely want to perform an exam to feel for any tumors and possibly perform other tests to help you find relief.
7. Unexplained Fatigue
Fatigue is feeling extremely exhausted without having exerted a lot of effort. This could result from the inflammation and hormonal changes associated with ovarian cancer. It could also be a normal hormonal shift and can be treated by your gynecologist. If you’re constantly feeling drained despite adequate rest and a healthy lifestyle, it’s worth looking into.
Who Is at Risk of Developing Ovarian Cancer?
While anyone can develop ovarian cancer, some factors may increase your risk:
- Age (middle-aged or older)
- Being overweight
- A family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer, particularly with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
- Personal history of breast or colon cancer
- Having endometriosis
- Using hormone replacement therapy
- Difficulty getting pregnant or never having given birth
Having one or more risk factors doesn’t mean you’ll develop ovarian cancer. In fact, you might not have any risk factors and develop ovarian cancer. Share your medical and family history with your doctor to assess your risk and explore preventative options.
Related read: Inherited Risk Factors For Ovarian Cancer
The Importance of Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is more treatable when caught early. You may have heard of the CA-125 blood test used by some doctors to look for signs of ovarian cancer. However, this test is typically reserved for women at high risk or those showing symptoms.
Annual pelvic exams are one of the best ways to identify pelvic issues. But don’t wait until your yearly visit if you notice unusual symptoms. Many ovarian cysts and other benign conditions can mimic ovarian cancer, so it’s essential to investigate any concerns right away so that you can be treated – and find relief from the symptoms!
Expert Cancer Care at Georgia Radiation Therapy
If you or someone you love was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, radiation therapy may be a part of your treatment. Our experienced radiation oncologists are here to help. We have radiation therapy locations throughout the Atlanta area equipped with the latest treatment technologies. Remember, you can choose where you receive radiation treatments. Request an appointment at a center close to you.
